Muʽāwiyah, Constans II and Coins without Crosses

Abstract

A newly published type of hexagram of Constans II with reverse depicting three standing figures
rather than a cross-on-globe-on-steps, when taken together with the solidus of the same type,
suggests that the author of the Maronite Chronicle may have been mistakenly referring to these
coins when he claimed that the caliph Muʽāwiyah struck gold and silver coins without crosses
upon his accession at Jerusalem in 661.